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- ====== NOSview [301]
- domain
- ======
-
-
- The 'domain' commands control the-name-to-Internet-address
- mapping software.
-
- NOS translates domain names (e.g. "ns9bob.ampr.org.") to IP
- addresses (e.g. "44.199.41.1") through the use of an Internet
- Domain Name resolver and a local "cache" file, /domain.txt.
-
- Whenever the user specifies a domain name, the local cache is
- searched for the desired entry. If it is present, it is used; if
- not, and if domain name server(s) have been configured, a query
- is sent over the network to the current server.
-
- If the server responds, the answer is added to the /domain.txt
- file for future use. If the server does not respond, any
- additional servers on the list are tried in a round-robin fashion
- until one responds, or the retry limit is reached (see the
- 'domain retry' command).
-
- If /domain.txt does not contain the desired entry and there are
- no configured domain name servers, then the request immediately
- fails.
-
- If a domain name server is available, and if all references to
- hosts in /autoexec.nos are in IP address format, then it is
- possible to start with a completely empty /domain.txt file and
- have NOS build it for you.
-
- However, you may wish to add your own entries to /domain.txt,
- either because you prefer to use symbolic domain names in your
- /autoexec.nos file or you don't have access to a domain server
- and you need to create entries for all of the hosts you may wish
- to access.
-
-
- Address Records
- ---------------
- Each entry in /domain.txt takes one line, and the fields are
- separated by any combination of tabs or spaces. For example:
-
- ns9bob.ampr.org. IN A 44.199.41.1
-
- The host "ns9bob" is in domain ".ampr.org.".
-
- "IN" is the class of the record. It means Internet, and it will
- be found in all entries.
-
- "A" is the type of the record, and it means that this is an
- address record. Domain name "ns9bob.ampr.org" therefore has
- Internet address 44.199.41.1.
-
- By setting the default domain to ampr.org. (with the command
- 'domain suffix ampr.org.') you can then talk to Bob with commands
- like 'telnet ns9bob' or 'finger ns9bob'.
-
-
- Canonical Name Records
- ----------------------
- Another possible entry in /domain.txt is the "CNAME" (Canonical
- Name) record. For example:
-
- bob.ampr.org. IN CNAME ns9bob.ampr.org.
-
- This says that domain name "bob" is actually an alias (or
- "nickname") for the primary (or "canonical") domain name
- "ns9bob". When a domain name having a CNAME record is given to
- NOS, the system automatically follows the reference to the
- canonical name and returns the IP address associated with that
- entry.
-
- Thus if you wish to use Bob's BBS, you may say either 'telnet
- ns9bob' or 'telnet bob'.
-
-
- Mail Exchanger Records
- ----------------------
- Yet another type of entry supported by NOS is the "MX" (Mail
- Exchanger) record. For example:
-
- ns9zzz.ampr.org. IN MX 0 ns9mhb.ampr.org.
-
- This states that mail addressed to ns9zzz is to be sent to ns9mhb
- for onward transmission. The parameter "0" is the preference
- value. Zero means highest preference.
-
- There could be several records for ns9zzz, each with a different
- preference value, and the mail forwarding program will attempt to
- send the mail in order of preference. For example:
-
- ns9zzz.ampr.org. IN MX 0 ns9mhb.ampr.org.
- IN MX 10 ns9gwb.ampr.org.
- IN MX 20 ns9gwc.ampr.org.
-
- You can also use wildcards in these entries. For example:
-
- ns9zzz.ampr.org. IN MX 0 ns9mhb.ampr.org.
- *.ns9zzz.ampr.org. IN MX 0 ns9mhb.ampr.org.
-
- The first entry handles mail addressed to ns9zzz, and the second
- entry handles other hosts at ns9zzz (e.g. "pc.ns9zzz.ampr.org.").
-
- **** In order to use MX entries, you need to give the command
- **** 'smtp usemx on'.
-
-
- Other Record Types
- ------------------
- Additional types of records, include NS (name server) and SOA
- (start of authority) may appear in /domain.txt from remote server
- responses. These are not currently used by NOS but are retained
- for future development (such as the incorporation of a domain
- name server into NOS itself).
-
-
- Time-to-Live
- ------------
- Entries added automatically by NOS will have an additional field
- between the domain name and the class (IN) field. For example:
-
- ns9ken.ampr.org. 3600 IN A 44.199.41.2
-
- This is the time-to-live value, in seconds, associated with the
- record received from the server. Clients (such as NOS) caching
- these records are supposed to delete them after the time-to-live
- interval has expired, allowing for the possibility that the
- information in the record may become out of date.
-
- Most implementations of NOS will decrement the TTL to zero, but
- will not delete the record unless the "clean" flag is on (see the
- 'domain cache clean' command).
-
- When a remote server is not available, the old entry will be
- used.
-
- When the TTL value is missing, the record will never expire, and
- must be managed by hand. Since /domain.txt is a plain text file,
- it may be easily edited by the user to add, change or delete
- records.
-
-
- The 'domain' commands are now described:
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain addserver <host> [<host> ... ]
- _________________________________________________________________
- Add one or more domain name servers to the list of name servers.
-
- Note that when this command is given in /autoexec.nos, the 'ip
- address' command should given before any 'domain' commands are
- used. (If not, no IP address is known to specify in the "from IP
- address" and an answer will never be recognized, or worse, just
- plain hangs the system).
-
- >> Example: domain addserver ns9srv
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain cache clean [off|on] Default: off
- _________________________________________________________________
- Display or set the discarding of expired resource records.
- Expired records have their timeout value decremented to zero.
-
- Normally resource records get a default timeout value of 1800
- seconds. After this time they are considered "old" and if
- referenced again the domain name resolver should be enquired
- again.
-
- When 'clean' is off, expired records will be retained; if no
- replacement can be obtained from another domain name server,
- these records will continue to be used.
-
- When 'clean' is on, expired records will be removed from the file
- whenever any new record is added to the file.
-
-
- >> Example: domain cache clean on
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain cache list
- _________________________________________________________________
- List the current contents of the local in-memory cache.
-
- >> Example of output from the 'domain cache list' command:
- ..............................................................
- : ns9mhb.ampr.org. IN A 44.199.41.6 :
- : ns9zzz.ampr.org. IN MX 0 ns9mhb.ampr.org. :
- : ns9gwa.ampr.org. IN A 44.199.41.4 :
- : ns9bob.ampr.org. IN A 44.199.41.1 :
- : nosland.ampr.org. IN A 44.199.0.0 :
- :............................................................:
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain cache size [<entries>] Default: 20
- _________________________________________________________________
- Display or set the nominal maximum size of the local memory
- cache.
-
- Note: The cache may be temporarily larger when waiting for new
- records to be written to /domain.txt.
-
- >> Example: domain cache size 30
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain cache wait <seconds> Default: 300
- _________________________________________________________________
- Display or set the interval to wait for additional activity
- before updating /domain.txt.
-
- >> Example: domain cache wait 600
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain dropserver <host> [<host> ...]
- _________________________________________________________________
- Remove one or more domain name server(s) from the list of name
- servers. You are warned when you delete the last name server.
-
- >> Example: domain dropserver ns9srv
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain list
- _________________________________________________________________
- List the currently configured domain name servers, along with
- statistics on how many queries and replies have been exchanged
- with each one, response times, etc.
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain maxwait <seconds> Default: 60
- _________________________________________________________________
- This sets a timeout value (1 to 255 seconds) to a query or domain
- name server. This is not set for an already defined server, but
- will be used for a newly defined name server. Also the value is
- used for domain nslookups. Note that name servers can have (PC-
- based) trouble finding records in an large database.
-
- >> Example: domain maxwait 120
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain query <host>
- _________________________________________________________________
- Send a query to a domain server asking for all resource records
- associated with this <host>, and list the records.
-
- >> Example: domain query ns9srv
-
-
- ________________________________________________________________
- domain remote add <host> [<host> ...]
- ________________________________________________________________
- Same as 'domain addserver'
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain remote drop <host> [<host> ...]
- ________________________________________________________________
- Same as 'domain dropserver'
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain remote list
- _________________________________________________________________
- Same as 'domain list'.
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain remote retry [<n>] Default: 2
- _________________________________________________________________
- Same as 'domain retry'
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain remote trace [on|off] Default: off
- _________________________________________________________________
- Same as 'domain trace'
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain retry [<n>] Default: 2
- _________________________________________________________________
- Display or set the number of attempts to reach each server on the
- list during one call to the resolver. If this count is exceeded,
- a failure indication is returned.
-
- If set to 0, the list will cycle forever; this may be useful for
- unattended operation.
-
- >> Example: domain retry 10
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain suffix [<domain_suffix>] Default: ampr.org.
- _________________________________________________________________
- Display or specify the default domain name suffix to be appended
- to a host name when it contains no dots.
-
- For example, if the suffix is set to ampr.org. and the user
- enters 'telnet ns9bob', the domain resolver will attempt to find
- ns9bob.ampr.org.
-
- If the host name being sought contains one or more dots, however,
- the default suffix is NOT applied (e.g. 'telnet foo.bar' would
- NOT be turned into foo.bar.ampr.org).
-
- If the suffix is an empty string, with no dot, the current suffix
- is cleared.
-
- >> Example: domain suffix ampr.org.
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain trace [on|off] Default: off
- _________________________________________________________________
- Display or set the flag controlling the tracing of domain server
- requests and responses. Trace messages will be seen only if a
- domain name being sought is not found in the local cache file,
- /domain.txt.
-
- >> Example: domain trace on
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain translate [on|off] Default: on
- _________________________________________________________________
- Display or set the domain translate mode. When set to 'on',
- hosts are displayed as names. This is the more useful setting
- (but unfortunately some versions of NOS are broken, so that even
- if translate is set to 'on', no translation takes place).
-
- When set to 'off', hosts are displayed as IP addresses.
-
- >> Example: domain translate off
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain verbose [on|off] Default: off
- _________________________________________________________________
- Display or set the domain verbose mode. When set to 'off', only
- the host name is displayed, without the domain suffix. This is
- the more useful setting.
-
- When set to 'on', the full host name with suffix is displayed.
-
- >> Example: domain verbose on
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
- domain xyzzy
- _________________________________________________________________
- This is a magic word to enable domain queries to outside domain
- servers when reading commands from the startup file. This should
- only be used by those who have reliable access to a domain name
- system server.
-